2Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Botanik, Manisa, Türkiye DOI : 10.12991/201317388
Summary
Maldan köyü (400 m) Manisa'nın kuzeyinde bulunan Yunt Dağları (1075 m)' nda yer almaktadır. Alan Davis'in kareleme sistemine göre B1 karesinde bulunmaktadır. Çalışma alanından bitkiler 2002-2003 yılları arasında toplandı. Floristik çalışmalar sonucunda 70 familya, 276 cinse ait 468 bitki taksonu tanımlandı. Etnobotanik çalışmalar da aynı köyde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar halkla görüşerek bu köyde doğal yayılış gösteren bitkilerden 77 farklı kullanım tespit etmişlerdir. Flora çalışmalarında tespit edilen 468 bitki taksonunun 68 (%14,5)'i tıbbi, yiyecek, yem, boya ve çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılmaktadır. En çok kullanımı olan bitki familyaları Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae ve Apiaceae'dir. Bu bitkiler başlıca mide ve sindirim bozukluklarına karşı (% 24,6), yiyecek olarak (% 10,4), kanser önleyici (% 10,4), deri hastalıklarına ve yaralanmalara karş (% 7,8) kullanılmaktadır.Introduction
Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of plant diversity. Up to date approximately 10,500 plant species have been identified within its borders and 30 % of these are endemic[1,2,3]. Previous research has identified about 423 plant taxa, of which 3,78 % are endemic, in Manisa province at Yunt Mountain,[4]. Yunt Mountains surrounded north of Manisa. The province of Manisa is located in the western part of Aegean region in Anatolia and phyto-geographycally located on the Mediterranean region and falls within the B2 grid square according to the grid classification system developed by Davis. Maldan village is situated on Yunt Mountain which is between İzmir and Manisa province (38° 50' 43.14” N, 26° 16' 48.52”E). The elevation of its land varies from 325 to 617 m (Figure 1). Although the annual mean temperature is 16,8 °C', temperatures may vary from 10,7 °C to 34,7 °C. It represents “cool temperate, sub-humid”, Mediterranean climate types, with annual drought summer periods, between May-September. Its total population was 1100 in the year 2002. The main occupations of the villagers are farming and animal husbandry. Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge, pharmacopoeia and prevalance of medicinal plants has been investigated in different areas of Turkey[5,6,7,8,9]. Some ethnobotanical studies were carried out in regions close to the research area[10,11,12,13],14,15]. Uğurlu and Seçmen[10] studied medicinal plants of Yunt mountain villages. But Maldan village wasn't explored.The aim of this ethnobotanical study is to collect systematic information about the still existing ethnobotanical usages in Manisa province, Maldan village before they are completely lost.
Methods
Collecting plant materialsThe study was carried out during 2002-2003 years. Field study was carried out over a period of approximately two years. During this period, a total of 468 vascular plant specimens were collected in Maldan village. The plants were pressed in the field and prepared for identification. Plants were identified by using the standard text, ‘’Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands”[1,2] and were compared with the specimens in Ege University Herbarium (EGE). Identified plants were retained in EGE. Then interviewing were done with local people.
Interviewing with local people
A questionnaire was administered to the local people, through
face to face interview. It was asked for the person’s name, surname
and age. It also asked for them “ What is the local name
of the plant used? For which diseases do you use the plant?
Which parts of the plant do you use? How do you prepare the
plant for use ?” Information was collected from both the elderly
and the young and from both men and women. Furthermore,
the participants were asked to show the researchers
these wild plants in the field.
Results
As a result of the study, 468 vascular plants were collected in te Maldan village. According to the interview with local people, 68 plant taxa (14,5%) used to for various purpose were identified. These plants are presented in Table 1 arranged in botanical names, with the relevant information such as family, local name, parts used, use application and uses.TABLE 1: Useful Plants in Maldan Village
According to table plants belonging to Asteraceae family have got the highest use (8 species). Lamiaceae is represented by seven species. These are followed by Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae. At studies in close regions have reached similar conclusions. In previous studies Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae[10], Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae in Alaşehir[14], Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae at İzmir province[13] were more.
Maldan village has a wide range of local food culture. Some plants are used as food, that are sold in Manisa markets. These plants: Lepidium sativum L. subsp. spinescens (DC.) Thell, Portulaca oleracea L., Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. tuberosus, Malva sylvestris L., Scolymus hispanicus L , Urtica urens L. Tamus communis L. subsp. communis.
Some plants are sold as a dried. These plants can be consumed as tea. Some of these are Anthemis cotula L., Stachys cretica L. subsp. smyrnaea Rech., Origanum onites L., Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (Celak.) Ronniger, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh., Salvia tomentosa Miller.
At six different areas close to our study area local plant names and uses are compared with our study in Table 2. According to table there are similarity at local plant names and uses.
TABLE 2: Comporision of the local plant names and their uses in close areas.
As a result of the species usages, 19 species (24,6 %) are used against the stomach and digestive disorders, 8 species (10,4 %) as food, 8 species (10,4 %) as prevent cancer, 6 species (7,8 %) against the skin diseases and injuries, 4 species (5,1 %) against the shortness of breath, 3 species (3,9 %) as spices, 3 species (3,9 %) against the urological disorders, 3 species (3,9 %) for dyeing wool yarn, 3 species (3,9 %) against the obstetric and gynaecological disorders, 2 species (2,6 %) against the cough, 2 species (2,6 %) against the diarrhea, 2 species (2,6 % ) against the diabetes, 2 species (2,6 %) for hemorrhoids and other 12 species (15,5 %).
Because of distance from the city center and the socio-economic conditions of the villagers still use plants as a medicinal product. It is important to document the valuable information. Because of the transmission of knowledge from the old to the new generation is declining.
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