¹Fırat Üniversitesi, Biyoloji, Elazığ, Türkiye DOI : 10.12991/201414121 The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of bitter almond oil on some biochemical parameters in serum and erythrocytes of streptozotocin-induc ed type-1diabetic rats. The rats were divided into three groups: Control (C); Diabetes (STZ); Diabetes+Bitter almond oil (STZ+BAO). Experimental diabetes induced in rats with a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg). 1 ml/kg dose of bitter almond oil was intraperitoneally injected to bitter almond oil group rats (STZ+BAO) twice in a week and additionally 2 g/500 ml dose of bitter almond seed powder was added to the drinking water of these rats. According to control group, postprandial blood glucose level was significantly increased (p<0.001) in the STZ group; but its level was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the STZ+BAO group when compared to the STZ group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of serum and erythrocytes increased significantly (p<0.001) in STZ group and glutathione (GSH) level erythrocytes decreased significantly (p<0.001) when compared to control group. It was detected that, MDA levels of serum and erythrocytes significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the STZ+BAO group and GSH levels were significantly (p<0.001) inreased compared to STZ group. In the serum, the palmitic and linoleic acid levels; in the erythrocytes, the palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid levels were closed to the control group values in the STZ+BAO group. In also, in the serum, -tocopherol acetate and -sitosterol levels; in the erythrocytes, -tocopherol levels were closed to the control group values in the same group. The -tocopherol level was increased in the serum of STZ+BAO group when comparison to the STZ group. In conclusion, it was determined that the treatment of bitter almond oil positively affected lipid peroxidation, glutathione, fatty acids and -tocopherol levels in the serum and erythrocytes of diabetic rats. According to our study results, bitter almond oil consumption could be a good diet strategy in the treatment of diabetes, but these results should be supported by detail researchs. Keywords : Diabetes, streptozotocin, bitter almond oil, lipid peroxidation, -tocopherol, fatty acid composition