¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
²Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
³Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia DOI : 10.29228/jrp.815 This study is a further scale-up trial from the previously reported process optimization study on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Indonesian medicinal plant extracts. The present study utilized Phyllanthus niruri (PN) herb extracts, Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) leaf extracts, and Curcuma longa (CL) rhizome extracts as reducing agents to synthesize AgNPs on a larger scale. Upscaling increased the synthesis volume (from 100 mL to 1000 mL) and the centrifugation volume (from 1 mL to 40 mL) at various durations at 70°C for 60 min. The results showed that the minimum centrifugation duration to obtain optimal AgNPs was 5 minutes. The formation AgNPs were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size and zeta potential analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed the spherical silver nanoparticles with an average particle size (MI) of 169 nm (PN), 179.1 nm (OS), and 623 nm (CL), polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.2202 (PN), 0.2579 (OS), and 0.00872 (CL) and the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. The green synthesis method using PN and OS extracts proved effective, environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective for the synthesis of AgNPs. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a green synthesis method for the production of AgNPs on a larger scale. Keywords : Orthosiphon stamineus; Phyllanthus niruri; Curcuma longa; scale-up; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles