Editor-in-Chief
Hatice Kübra Elçioğlu
Vice Editors
Levent Kabasakal
Esra Tatar
Online ISSN
2630-6344
Publisher
Marmara University
Frequency
Bimonthly (Six issues / year)
Abbreviation
J.Res.Pharm.
Former Name
Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2024 , Vol 28 , Issue 1
Preparation, Evaluation, and Histopathological Studies of Ondansetron-Loaded Invasomes Transdermal Gel
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
DOI :
10.29228/jrp.696
Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist for treating nausea and vomiting. Its multiple daily doses
and extensive first-pass metabolism faced parenteral and oral administration challenges. The transdermal route
enhances its bioavailability as it bypasses the first-pass effect. Invasome vesicles improve the skin permeation of
ondansetron via its unique components, lecithin, limonene, and ethanol, which are considered efficient permeation
enhancers. The current study intends to develop a gel containing ondansetron as invasomes vesicles with appropriate
texture and efficient skin penetration. Two gelling agents, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M and carbopol 934P, were
used at two concentrations (0.5 and 1%, w/w). Formulas were evaluated regarding pH, content uniformity, viscosity,
spreadability, and ex vivo permeation. The selected formula (F3), which contained ondansetron (5%, w/w) and used
carbopol 934P at (0.5%, w/w), was homogeneous, with proper viscosity (21,500 ± 390 mPa.s) at rest and enough
spreadability (3.4 ± 0.45 cm). The ex vivo permeation showed permeation flux (Jss) was (280.4 ± 3.5 g/cm2.h) with a
shorter lag time (0.5 ± 0.1 h). Characterization studies revealed nanosized vesicles (Dav. = 202.9 ± 0.5 nm) as spherical
shapes dispersed within a gel matrix. In vivo, skin irritation and histopathology studies using male Wistar albino rats
demonstrated that (F3) was biocompatible, with no irritation reported for six consecutive days. In conclusion, the
invasomes gel of ondansetron utilizing carbopol (0.5%, w/w) was prepared for transdermal delivery, offering effective
permeation and safe application. An invasomes-loaded gel is considered a novel formulation, giving an efficient and
realistic therapeutic option for treating vomiting.
Keywords :
Invasomes; Ondansetron; Carbopol 934P; HPMC K4M; Limonene; in vivo skin irritation study