Deep fungal infections in recipients of bone marrow transplantation remains as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Prolonged neutropenia is major factor of invasive fungal disease. Candida and aspergillus species remain the two most common pathogens. Prophylaxis against these organisms with the oral polyene nistatin and amphotericin B has been disappointing. Systemic amphotericin B is too toxic for prophylactic use. It remains the mainstay of therapy for deep fungal infections. Ketokonazole is contraindicated in patients receiving cyclosporineprophylaxis against Graft Versus- Host Disease. This paper reviews results of antifungal prophylaxis and discusses new measures and agents likely to be of value in the prevention of fungal infection in bone marrow transplanation. Keywords : Antifungal prophylaxis, marrow transplantation