¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of El Oued, 3900 El Oued, Algeria
²Laboratory of Biodiversity and Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture, El Oued University, 3900 El Oued, Algeria
³Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of El Oued, 3900 El Oued, Algeria
⁴Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı (Vatan Cad.) P.K. 34093 Fatih / İstanbul, Turkey
⁵Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, 9280, Ar Ar 73213, Arabie saoudite, Saudi Arabia DOI : 10.29228/jrp.474 Phytochemicals, which are necessary for plants to adapt to their environment, offer an exciting source of medicinal products. This study focuses on the desert plant Anabasis oropediorum (Chenopodiaceae), which is native to calcareous sandy regions in North African countries and Palestine. This investigation is the first to shed light on the therapeutic nature of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of A. oropediorum. A phytochemical screening analysis was conducted, including a quantitative estimate of the total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, hydrolyzable tannins, and condensed tannins. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using three methods: DPPH• scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and anti-hemolytic assay. The antidiabetic activity was tested using two assays: non-enzymatic hemoglobin glycosylation and glucose uptake by yeast cells assay. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the protein anti-denaturation method. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, leuco-anthocyanins, mucilage, phenols, saponins, sterols, and terpenes. The quantitative analysis showed that the methanolic extract provided a high level of flavonoids (17.0±0.50 μg QE/mg) and the total contents of tannins (5.3±0.04 μg GAE/mg, 7.3±0.14 μg CE/mg). Chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and rutin were the phenolic compounds detected by RP-HPLC analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of alkanes, aromatic compounds, and aliphatic amines in the methanolic extract. Biologically, this medicinal plant exhibited medium antioxidant activity, good in vitro antidiabetic activity, antibacterial activity against only Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli, and very good albumin protection activity from heat denaturation. Keywords : Anabasis oropediorum; methanolic extract; phytochemical content; RP-HPLC; biological activity