Editor-in-Chief
Hatice Kübra Elçioğlu
Vice Editors
Levent Kabasakal
Esra Tatar
Online ISSN
2630-6344
Publisher
Marmara University
Frequency
Bimonthly (Six issues / year)
Abbreviation
J.Res.Pharm.
Former Name
Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2023 , Vol 27 , Issue Supp.
IN-SILICO PHARMACOKINETICS PREDICTION OF MAJOR COUMARINS PRESENT IN AEGLE MARMELOS L.
1Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
DOI :
10.29228/jrp.452
Natural coumarins has enormous power as natural magical remedy for wide
range of diseases, they are present in high concentrations in several dietary plant
species like cinnamon, lemon, dill, soy oil, peanut oil, olive oil etc. In the larger
category of nutraceuticals natural coumarins contribute for various activities,
their pharmacotherapeutic aspects have been already published. A large amount
of coumarin intake may have negative impact on health as the safety profile of
coumarins was not thoroughly reviewed to present date [1-3]. The subtropical
fruit Aegle marmelos L (A.M.) commonly known as Bael, a plant of Indian origin
belongs to the Rutaceae family. Bael has been used as a medicine for diarrhea and
dysentery treatment since 5000 B.C. [4]. Selective coumarins present in A.M. like
umbelliferone, scopoletin, scoparone, xanthotoxol, marmesin, psoralen,
imperatorin, alloimperatorin, and marmin [5-6] was taken for in silico ADME
screening using SwissADME software [7]. In silico methods have the advantage
that they can make fast predictions for a large set of compounds in a highthroughput
mode. The earlier detection of PK/PD properties along with drug
likeness and ADME profiling can save both money and time. It is also ensuring
the safety and stability of the candidate-drugs or designed-drugs In Lipophilicity
property, the rule says, “The larger the log P value greater the lipophilicity" [8].
XLOGP3 value of coumarins is in the range of -0.7 to + 5.0 size which indicates
that they are lipophilic compounds, Log S (ESOL), Log S (ali), and Log S
(SILICOS-IT) values of umbelliferone, scopoletin, scoparone, xanthotoxol, and
marmesin shows good water solubility whereas psoralen, imperatorin,
alloimperatorin, and marmin are moderately soluble in water [9]. According to
pharmacokinetic properties, all other coumarins showed good GI absorption and
penetration at BBB whereas marmin showed no penetration at BBB [10-13]. All
coumarins showed no inhibition of the isoenzymes like CYP2D6, CYP3A4 as well
as they are not good P-gp substrates which is clear indication of their low toxicity
and no drug-drug interactions. The isoenzyme CYP1A2 found to be inhibited by
all coumarins other than marmin whereas imperatoin, and alloimperatorin are
inhibiting the isoenzymes like CYP2C19, CYP2C9 which leads to increase in
bioavailability of drug. All selected coumarin were in the limit of Lipinski, Veber,
and Egan filters which make them to have promising drug likeness properties. In the BOILED egg model, all coumarins found in yellow regions (i.e., regions of
high BBB absorption and high GI absorption) except marmin which is located on
the boundary of white and yellow region that means it has good GI absorption,
and no BBB permeation property. This data supports to conduct pre-clinical and
clinical trials of bael fruit-based products such as squash, jelly, candy, etc. which
will increase their value as food and nutraceutical products by a huge margin.
Keywords :
Aegle marmelos L., coumarin, in silico predictions, SwissADME