Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
1
15
10.12991/jrp.2018.103
660
A review on molecular neuropathology of alzheimer's disease in association with aging
Tutun Das AKA
Md. Mamun Or RASHID
Shujit Chandra PAUL
Md. Abdul HALIM
Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease where learning and memory deficit occur. Aging is the main culprit responsible for this disease. Many hypotheses have been proposed for explaining the neuropathology of AD. Amyloid cascade hypothesis states that AD may cause due to neuronal damage by forming senile plaque of beta amyloid (Aβ) and followed by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Due to mismetabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aβ aggregates and initiates AD. Mitochondrial cascade hypothesis emphasize on mitochondrial dysfunction in aged brain which starts by rising Aβ accumulation, later tau hyperphosphorylation and inflammation, and finally development of AD. According to the calcium hypothesis, dysregulation of neuronal Ca²+ signaling incurs apoptosis of neuronal cells that interrupts cognitive functions and initiates AD. Tau hypothesis propose that aggregation of tau protein may lead the formation of NFTs which is a pathological hallmark of AD. Oxidative stress hypothesis states that brain aging increase the production of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species by elevating oxidative stress level which causes AD. In aged brain, accumulation of oxysterol due to impairment of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) may lead to formation of AD which is purported in cholesterol hypothesis. Again, neuroinflammation hypothesis says that immune system"s cell injury occurs in AD which plays a dominating role in AD inflammation. However, the mechanism of neuropathology of AD remains poorly understood still now. This review critically evaluates different hypotheses which may become helpful for the future researchers to scrutinize more acceptable molecular neuropathology of AD.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=660
Beta amyloid (Aβ)senile plaque (SPs)tauCa²+ signalingreactive oxygen species (ROS)ryanodine receptors (RyR)
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
16
24
10.12991/jrp.2018.104
656
Design, synthesis and <em>in vitro </em>evaluation of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Belgin SEVER
Gülşen AKALIN ÇİFTÇİ
Ahmet ÖZDEMİR
Mehlika Dilek ALTINTOP
Thiosemicarbazones play a pivotal role as potential therapeutic agents for the management of lung cancer. 4-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1-[(5-arylfuran-2-yl)methylene]thiosemicarbazides (1-10) were obtained via the reaction of 4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiosemicarbazide with 5-arylfurfurals. MTT assay was performed to assess their cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines. Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 were identified as the most effective anticancer agents on A549 cell line with IC50 values of 12.75±0.35 μg/mL, 4.30±0.61 μg/mL, 5.50±2.12 μg/mL and 5.90±0.57 μg/mL, respectively compared to cisplatin (IC50= 12.00±0.71 μg/mL). The IC50 values of these compounds for L929 cell line were higher than their IC50 values for A549 cell line indicating that their anticancer effects were selective. The apoptotic effects of these compounds were also analyzed based on Annexin V-PI binding capacities in flow cytometry. According to flow cytometric analyses, the early apoptotic effects of compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 on A549 cell line were determined as 4.7, 5.1, 7.3 and 5.1%, whereas their late apoptotic effects were determined as 3.7, 2.0, 4.9 and 3.3%, respectively. Compound 6 showed more apoptotic activity than compounds 1, 5 and 7. According to these findings, compounds 5 and 6 stand out as promising anticancer agents for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=656
Apoptosiscytotoxicityfuranlung cancerthiosemicarbazone
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
25
33
10.12991/jrp.2018.105
657
Poly(3-methylthiophene) modified gold sensor for determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, ascorbic acid and uric acid in biological fluids using voltammetric techniques
Ebru KUYUMCU SAVAN
Gamze ERDOĞDU
Electrochemical polymerization was carried out in a one-compartment cell containing deaerated acetonitrile, and 100 mM tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate monomer of 3-methylthiophene. The polymer films were grown on a gold electrode by bulk electrolysis at 1.700 V (vs. Ag/Ag+). The modified sensor showed an excellent electrocatalytic effect towards oxidation of the mixture of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), ascorbic acid and uric acid, which appeared at a pH range of 2-11 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV ) techniques. The best results for determination of DOPAC were obtained by DPV in PBS (pH 7.00). A calibration curve was obtained in the DOPAC concentration range of 1.0-50.0 μM (r = 0.9948). Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found as 0.066 μM and 0.220 μM, respectively. The results of the experiments indicated that the sensor has good stability, sensitivity and reproducibility for at least one month if stored in dry air.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=657
Poly (3-methylthiophene)3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acidascorbic aciduric acidvoltammetry
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
34
43
10.12991/jrp.2018.106
653
Stability studies of compression coated ornidazole tablets for colon specific drug delivery
Seda RENÇBER
Zeynep ŞENYİĞİT
Mine ÖZYAZICI
In our previous study, colon targeted tablets of ornidazole were prepared with compression coating technique. Pectin was used as the coating layer and different ethyl cellulose (EC) types (EC N7, N 10 and N 100) were added to Pectin to enhance mechanical and release properties. The object of the present study was performed stability testing of these coated tablets of ornidazole in a high density polyethylene plastic bottle with/without silica gel as per ICH guidelines. For this aim, several quality-control parameters such as uniformity of weight, diameter and thickness of tablets, tablet hardness, friability, content uniformity and tablet dissolution rate are determined in stability conditions (25±2°C / 60±5% relative humidity and 40±2°C / 75±5% relative humidity). These parameters were evaluated at 0 month, 3 month, 6 month and 12 month intervals. It was concluded that the coated ornidazole tablets should be stored in a high density polyethylene plastic bottle with silica gel at controlled room temperature (25°C) or below their relative humidities and the presence of desiccant in the market package was essential.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=653
Stability studiescompression coated ornidazole tabletethylcellulosecharacterization of tabletdissolution study
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
44
54
10.12991/jrp.2018.107
630
Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal gel containing extracts of <em>azadirachta indica, adhatoda vasica, piper betle, ocimum tenuiflorum</em> and <em>pongamia pinnata</em>
Somnath D. BHINGE
Mangesh A. BHUTKAR
Dheeraj S. RANDIVE
Ganesh H. WADKAR
Sanjeeva Y. KAMBLE
Pooja D. KALEL
Sneha S. KADAM
In the Indian system of medicine-Ayurveda, azadirachta indica, adhatoda vasica, piper betle, ocimum tenuiflorum and pongamia pinnata has been mentioned as a remedy for treatment of various infectious diseases and ailments. Based on the folkloric use, the present study was designed to formulate and evaluate polyherbal gel containing extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata. Gel formulations (Formulation A, B and C) were prepared which comprised of the ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Piper betle, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Pongamia pinnata in a concentration of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 %, respectively in a base. The prepared formulations were evaluated for appearance and homogeneity, pH, viscosity and rheological studies, spreadability, skin irritation test (patch test) and washability. The formulations were also screened for their antimicrobial activity by disc plate method against S. aureus, B. subtilis, A. niger and E. coli. The results of the studies revealed that all formulations under study viz. A, B and C showed better zone of inhibition as compared with the control. However, formulation C exhibited maximum activity against the selected strains which may be attributed to its greater amount of herbal extracts as compared to formulation A and B. The polyherbal gel formulations were observed to possess antimicrobial action. The effective activity may be attributed to the synergistic action of the plants constituents present in the formulation.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=630
Antimicrobial activitypatch testpolyherbal gelevaluation test
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
55
61
10.12991/jrp.2018.108
611
Reduction of salivary tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in response to magic mouthwash with <em>curcuma xanthorriza</em> in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Irna SUFIAWATI
Indra GUNAWAN
Indra WIJAYA
Taofik RUSDIANA
Anas SUBARNAS
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is pro-inflammatory cytokine that play a key role in initiating and accelerating the development of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Mixed medication mouthwash called magic mouthwash has been widely used to prevent and treat oral mucositis. Curcuma xanthorriza is a traditional herbal medicine, which has shown anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magic mouthwash with Curcuma xanthorriza on salivary TNF-α levels in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The magic mouthwash formulation used in this study contains diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, nystatin and dry curcuma extract. This study involved 60 cancer patients undergoing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy who were assigned into two groups, each group consisted of 30 patients. Group 1 instructed for rinsing with magic mouthwash with Curcuma xanthorriza and group 2 rinsed with NaCl 0.9% as control group. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected before and after oral rinsing with mouthwashes. Salivary TNF-α levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed statistically with Wilcoxon and Chi square test. The result of this study showed a significant decrease in salivary TNF-α levels on both groups (p<0.05). In the study group, more patients were found with salivary TNF-α levels decreased (74.2%) compared to control group (53.5%) and showed significant difference statistically (p<0.05). The study concludes that magic mouthwash with Curcuma xanthorriza can reduce Salivary TNF-α levels and can be used as an alternative therapy for oral mucositis-induced chemotherapy.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=611
ChemotherapyCurcuma xanthorrizamagic mouthwashsalivary TNF-α
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
62
68
10.12991/jrp.2018.109
641
Morphological characteristics of <em>clinopodium acinos</em> and <em>clinopodium suaveolens</em> (lamiaceae) growing in turkey
Ayla KAYA
In this study, morphological and taxonomical characteristics of Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze and C. suaveolens (Sm.) Kuntze previously treated as Acinos in Flora of Turkey were investigated. C. suaveolens grows in North-West and the West Anatolia and has strongly aramotic odorous while C. acinos is recorded from North Anatolia and has slight odorous. The species had been collected from different area of Turkey. They are studied for the first time using stereoscopic microscopy and detailed descriptions and illustrations of general appearance of plants and leaf, bract, flower, calyx, corolla and nutlet shapes are described and illustrated. The lengths of stem, bract, corolla and calyx lower teeth, verticil number and odorous of the plants are found significant diagnostic character to distinguish the species. At the same time, the variation borders of species in Flora of Turkey was expanded and a identification key prepared.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=641
AcinosClinopodiumLamiaceaemorphology
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
69
75
10.12991/jrp.2018.110
664
Prulaurasin content of leaves, kernels and pulps of <em>prunus lauracerasus</em> l. (cherry laurel) during ripening
İlker DEMİRBOLAT
Murat KARTAL
Cyanogenic glycosides are highly toxic compounds distributed over 2500 taxa as secondary metabolites which release cyanide and benzaldehyde when degraded by endogenous enzymes. In this study, prulaurasin - a cyanogenic glycoside - content of Prunus lauracerasus L. (cherry laurel) leaves, kernels and pulps were investigated during the ripening period with a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. In leaves, prulaurasin pursues a relatively linear path while in kernels, it rapidly increases during fruit development. The higher amount of prulaurasin was quantified in the early stages of pulps and decreased over time to an undetectable level in mature form to form an edible fruit that promotes propagation.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=664
Prunus lauracerasus Lcherry laurelhigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)cyanogenic glycosidesprunasinprulaurasin
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
76
82
10.12991/jrp.2018.111
639
Comparison of essential oils and antimicrobial activities of <em>ferulago mughlae</em> peșmen (apiaceae) growing in turkey
Songül KARAKAYA
Fatmagül DELİMUSTAFAOĞLU BOSTANLIK
Gamze GÖĞER
Betül DEMİRCİ
Ceyda Sibel KILIÇ
Ferulago species have been utilized dated from ancient times as antihelmentic, carminative, digestive, sedative, aphrodisiac, along with as salads and spice in view of their exclusive odors. F. mughlae Peșmen was investigated for its chemical compositions of essential oils and antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were performed via TLC bioautography methods and essential oils were analysed via GC and GC/MS. α-pinene (53.0%), myrcene (3.9%), limonene (6.0%), -phellandrene (11.0%) were shown to be as primary components of fruit. Primary components of aerial part were found as α-pinene (48.5%), camphene (10.6%), β-pinene (4.8%) and limonene (3.0%). α-pinene (37.3%), camphene (9.1%), limonene (5.3%), terpinolene (3.4%), -caryophyllene (3.6%), borneol (9.5%), kessan (8.0%), germacrene B (4.0%), caryophyllene oxide (3.7%) and 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (3.7%) were shown to be the primary components of root. Aerial part and fruit essential oils of F. mughlea contain active compounds against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6558 while these essential oils did not show any activites against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Escherichia coli NRRL B-3008 strains. Root essential oil of F. mughlea did not show any antimicrobial activities against tested all microorganisms. The antimicrobial activities against these microorganisms from this species may be based upon the existence of the primary compounds in the essential oils.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=639
AntimicrobialApiaceaebioautographyessential oilFerulago mughlae
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
83
92
10.12991/jrp.2018.112
634
In vitro enzyme inhibitory properties, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical studies on <em>juniperus drupacea</em>
Didem DELİORMAN ORHAN
Nilüfer ORHAN
Alper GÖKBULUT
Juniperus drupacea Labill. is used for medicinal purposes and to obtain a traditional food product "pekmez" for centuries. We aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extracts prepared from J. drupacea fruits, leaves and branches. Therefore, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antioxidant activities of the water, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were evaluated. Additionally, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts were investigated. Standardization of the methanol extracts on amentoflavone and umbelliferone was performed using a RP-HPLC-DAD method. All extracts showed excellent and dose dependent inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase enzyme. Moreover, fruit methanol extract (99.92 ± 0.30%) and leaf methanol extract (99.44 ± 1.78%) were more effective than reference drug Acarbose (98.88 ± 0.07%) at 1 mg/ml concentration. On the other hand, the extracts rich in flavonoids and phenolics showed remarkable antioxidant activity. Results of HPLC analysis revealed that amentoflavone was detected in serious amount especially in the leaves as 0.148±0.001 g/100 g dry weight. Umbelliferone was determined in minor amount in both leaves and branches.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=634
JuniperusCupressaceaeantidiabeticantioxidantamentoflavone
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
93
100
10.12991/jrp.2018.113
648
<em>in vitro</em> antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents of four <em>erica</em> l. (ericaceae) taxa native to turkey
Ayşegül KÖROĞLU
Muhammed Mesud HÜRKUL
Gülsen KENDİR
Nurgün KÜÇÜKBOYACI
Erica species (Ericaceae) are widely used due to their medicinal properties in Turkish folk medicine. In this study, the antioxidant capacities of the extracts with different polarities of the aerial parts of Erica arborea, E. manipuliflora, E. bocquetii and E. sicula subsp. libanotica native to Turkey were investigated. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test systems used for the determination of antioxidant capacities. Also, total phenol contents in the extracts were determined as spectrophotometric. All extracts exhibited strong scavenging activity against DPPH except the chloroform extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts of Erica species had the best scavenging activity against DPPH, as well as the highest DPPH scavenging activity was exhibited by E. manipuliflora and E. bocquetii with IC50 values of 0.002±0.001 and 0.004±0.000 μg/mL, respectively. In TBA test, the highest activity was observed in the ethyl acetate extract of E. manipuliflora (IC50= 0.001±0.000 μg/mL), followed by the water extract of this plant (0.03± 0.005 μg/mL). The highest total phenolic content was found in the ethyl acetate extracts ranging from 875.5 to 701.7 mg GAE/g extract. Our results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts of Erica taxa are rich in natural antioxidant substances.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=648
EricaTurkeyantioxidant capacitytotal phenolic content
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
101
113
10.12991/jrp.2018.114
650
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of ethanolic extracts of <em>thevetia peruviana</em> (pers.) k. schum
Nazneen RAHMAN
Haseebur RAHMAN
Mir HARIS
Riaz MAHMOOD
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum, well known as Karvira in the Ayurvedic text. The plant has been traditionally used for the treatment of wounds, inflammation and diverse types of skin disorders. The present study was designed to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediated wound healing potential of T. peruviana leaf (TPLE) and fruit rind (TPFE) ethanolic extracts. To establish the efficacy, the study was designed using in vitro antioxidant activities, carrageenan-induced inflammation model and incision, excision, dead space wound models associated with antioxidant enzymes, tissue biochemical and inflammatory marker analysis allied with acute toxicity studies in rats. The serum and tissue biochemical, histological and organ index studies of acute toxicity evaluation confirms the non-toxic nature of the extracts. The TPLE and TPFE treated groups represents complete restoration of normal skin structures after biopsy at day 14 comparable to the control group healed at day 24, the significant amount of hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid observed in dead space wound study, maximum wound breaking strength is intern related with the more collagen and fibroblast deposition can be correlated with the excellent wound healing efficiency of extracts. Consequently, the profound in vitro antioxidant efficacy, lowing of carrageenan induced inflammation, ESR, nitric oxide radicles and LPO (lipid peroxidation) content allied with an elevation of the GSH (reduced glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in granuloma is a clear indication of good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of TPLE and TPFE extracts. Our study provides evidence for the association of the excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing capacity of T. peruviana present in a prudently balanced means which is required in a novel wound healing drug.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=650
Thevetia peruvianawound healingantioxidantlipid peroxidationanti-inflammatorynitric oxidecarrageenan
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
114
119
10.12991/jrp.2018.115
638
Antimicrobial activities of five endemic <em>hypericum</em> species from anatolia compared with <em>hypericum perforatum</em>
Esra EROĞLU ÖZKAN
Berna ÖZBEK ÇELİK
Afife MAT
Different crude extracts of some endemic Hypericum species (H. thymbrifolium, H. spectabile, H. pseudolaeve, H. neurocalycinum, H. malatyanum) and H. perforatum were analyzed using a microdilution assay for antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. It is observed that all extracts showed activity against tested Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Meticillin resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis). The most active extracts were from H. neurocalycinum and H. malatyanum which showed potent activity with lowest MIC (4.8 μg/mL) value against more tested Gram positive bacteria. Additionally, it was also found that some extracts of H. spectabile and H. pseudolaeve had antifungal activities against C. albicans. These endemic species were evaluated for antimicrobial activity for the first time in the literature.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=638
EndemicHypericumantimicrobial activitymicrodilution
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
120
129
10.12991/jrp.2018.116
637
Uninfected agarwood branch extract possess cytotoxic and inhibitory effects on mcf-7 breast cancer cells
Phirdaous ABBAS
Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun HASHIM
Hamzah MOHD SALLEH
Apart from the highly sought agarwood resin primarily for perfumery industry, agarwood or gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) in general has been one of basic components in traditional medicine including Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine and other communities in the Asian region. While the resin is formed in infected trees, this present study reported the cytotoxicity and attachment inhibition effects of leaf and branch extracts from uninfected agarwood tree against breast cancer cells. Qualitative extraction screening process was first conducted to screen for suitable extraction solvents and parts of plant (leaf or branch). Then, the in vitro anti-cancer screening assays including cytotoxicity and attachment assays were conducted. Branch sample extracted using ethanol and distilled water resulted in higher yield and more potent cancer inhibiting effects as compared to other solvents. Crude extract obtained after drying process using ethanol as solvent yielded 9.47 % g/g (branch) and 13.2 % g/g (leaf); distilled water as solvent yielded 9.33 % g/g (branch) and 12.8 % g/g (leaf), respectively. However, branch extract exhibited more potent cancer-inhibiting effects with IC50 of 23 μg/mL (ethanol) and 38 μg/mL (distilled water) as compared to leaf (no intersection points in the plot). To this end, it can be concluded that extracts from uninfected agarwood tree (Aquilaria subintegra) possesses cytotoxic and anti-attachment effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with ethanolic branch extract being the most promising. The screening and selection of extraction solvent and plant type are crucial steps towards cost-effective extraction and further bioprocessing of bioactive compounds from agarwood tree.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=637
AgarwoodcytotoxicAquilaria subintegraanticancer
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
130
140
10.12991/jrp.2018.117
643
Aphrodisiac properties of <em>aquilaria malaccensis</em> leaves aqueous extract in icr mice
Nur Hidayat CHE MUSA
Haniza Hanim MOHD ZAIN
Husni IBRAHIM
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extracts on the aphrodisiac properties, which included; sexual behaviour, orientation activity, and testosterone level in ICR mice. Thirty healthy and sexually experienced male and thirty non-estrous female mice were used. In this experiment, each male was cohabitated with one female in a polysulfone cage. The mice were divided into 6 groups that received normal saline (control group), 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of A. malaccensis leaves aqueous extract orally for 21 days consecutively. Results showed that all aphrodisiac parameters investigated in this study were similar between the treatment groups to the control group. However, two treated groups that received 100 mg/kg (day 14; day 21) and 200 mg/kg (day 0; day 21) resulted in significantly higher in mount frequency as compared to the control group. Overall, the results revealed that A. malaccensis leaves aqueous extract did not significantly alter the aphrodisiac parameters. Thus, this study validated that A. malaccensis leaves aqueous extracts lack of aphrodisiac properties in mice.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=643
Aquilaria malaccensisaphrodisiacsexual behaviourorientation activitytestosterone
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
141
146
10.12991/jrp.2018.118
636
Investigation of factors affecting ethical decision-making process of community pharmacists in professional life
Miray ARSLAN
Nilay TARHAN
Selin KALENDER
Sevgi ŞAR
Ethics is defined as questioning the practice of moral standards and whether moral standards are logical or not. The struggle to determine the rules that should be followed by those who demonstrate activities in a particular field and the ethical principles of practice that is specific to it reveal the concept of professional ethics. The principles of professional ethics, is very important for a profession, have become more attractive in the field of pharmacy as it is in every field. In this regard, pharmacists need to consider the professional ethical principles in relation to their patients, colleagues or other employees. This study aims to determine the perceptions of community pharmacists about professional ethics through a sample case can be encountered in a pharmacy. In this context, the prepared questionnaire, consists of 24 questions, was conducted to randomly select 150 community pharmacists face to face in Ankara. The obtained data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 18.0 package program. Firstly, descriptive statistical analyzes were performed and followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). As a result of EFA four factors are obtained as: "financial and legal pressure", "patient benefit", "colleague pressure", and "patient confidence". These factors explained 68.033% of the total variance. t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the effects of demographics of pharmacists on the factors. Obtained results are of great importance in determining the perceptions of pharmacists regarding professional ethics. Knowing the factors affecting the pharmacist's behavior in accordance with the professional ethics will shed light on community pharmacy practices.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=636
Community pharmacistsethicsexploratory factor analysisprofessional ethics
Marmara Üniversitesi
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
2630-6344
2019
23
1
147
155
10.12991/jrp.2018.119
647
A study on determining the opinions and attitudes of community pharmacists about non-pharmaceutical medicinal products
Gizem GÜLPINAR
Servet DOLU
Mehmet Barlas UZUN
Gülbin ÖZÇELİKAY
Social change and changing needs of today"s people bring about a service concept that includes both prescription drugs and non-prescription drugs (over the counter medicines and parapharmaceuticals) are offered to clients. Community pharmacists who are the most accessible healthcare providers begin to focus on selling (parapharmaceuticals) non-pharmaceutical medicinal products (NPMPs) that are seen more profitable and require less bureaucratic processes. Assuming that the dilemmas often experienced by community pharmacists between the "businessman" and "healthcare giver" roles could affect their attitudes and opinions about NPMPs. The study, which is designed from this point of departure, is aimed at revealing the opinions of community pharmacists about NPMPs, their knowledge NPMPs and their attitudes such as sales of these products and their policy arrangements. A face to face questionnaire was distributed to 244 community pharmacists in Ankara. According to the results, it was determined that the rate of NPMP sales in total turnover and the pharmacy settlement affect the opinions and attitudes on the subject of the community pharmacists. Most of the pharmacists' "business owner" roles have been shown to influence their attitudes towards drugs and NPMPs, whether their NPMP sales are excessive or not.
https://jrespharm.com/abstract.php?id=647
Community pharmacistcommunity pharmacynon-drug productsethical dilemmaopinion and attitude